Surgery Mnemonics
Dr K Chaudhry
FIRST Author of Jaypee
Brothers
Contents
|
|
|
Page |
|
01 |
General surgery |
3 |
|
02 |
Clinical surgery |
4 |
|
03 |
Tumours |
6 |
|
04 |
Cardiovascular system |
8 |
|
05 |
Urinary system |
11 |
|
06 |
Gastrointestinal system |
13 |
|
07 |
Nervous system |
29 |
|
08 |
Breast |
30 |
|
09 |
Orthopaedics |
33 |
General
surgery
Wounds
- Types
|
I |
1.
Incised wound |
|
Like |
2.
Lacerated wound |
|
Consent |
3.
Contused wound |
|
Separately |
4.
Sprain |
|
From |
5.
Fracture |
|
6.
Puncture wound |
|
|
3 Partners |
7.
Perforating wound |
|
8.
Penetrating wound |
Burn
|
Local
effects |
||
|
Paying |
1.
Pain |
|
|
Fairly |
2.
Fluid, electrolyte and protein loss |
|
|
Heavy |
3.
Heat loss |
|
|
Income |
4.
Infection |
|
|
Tax |
5.
Thrombosis |
|
|
Systemic
effects |
||
|
Heavy |
1.
Haemolysis |
|
|
Investment |
2.
Increased capillary permeability |
|
|
With |
3.
Water and electrolyte loss |
|
|
Companies |
4.
Cardiac output diminished |
|
|
Often |
5.
Oliguria and renal failure |
|
|
Causes |
6.
Curling's ulcer |
|
|
Real |
7.
Respiratory failure |
|
|
Concern |
8.
Catabolism |
|
|
|
General
management |
|
|
Send |
1.
Sedation and analgesia |
|
|
A |
2.
Airway maintenance |
|
|
Fast |
3.
Fluid balance |
|
|
Bowler |
4.
Blood |
|
|
To |
5.
Tetanus prevention |
|
|
Attack |
6.
Antibiotics |
|
|
A |
7.
Antacids |
|
|
New |
8.
Nutrition |
|
|
Run |
9.
Reassurance |
|
|
Rioter |
10.
Rehabilitation |
|
|
Local
management |
||
|
Doctors |
1.
Debridement |
|
|
Always |
2.
Antiseptic |
|
|
Have |
3.
Haemografts |
|
|
An |
4.
Autografts |
|
|
Emergency |
5.
Escharotomy |
|
|
Duty |
6.
Deformity prevention |
Complications
of Middle Ear Disease
|
Men |
1.
Mastoiditis - Acute and chronic |
|
Evade |
2.
Extradural brain abscess |
|
The |
3.
Thrombosis of lateral sinus and jugular vein |
|
Doctor |
4.
Deafness |
|
Living |
5.
Labyrinthitis with vertigo |
|
Second |
6.
Sternomastoid abscess |
|
Floor |
7.
Facial palsy |
Clinical
surgery
Examination of Swelling
|
History |
|
|
Daily |
1.
Duration |
|
Many |
2.
Mode of onset |
|
Shopkeepers |
3.
Situation |
|
Send |
4.
Shape |
|
Precious |
5.
Progress |
|
Packets |
6.
Pain |
|
Some |
7.
Secondary changes |
|
Shopkeepers |
8.
Similar swellings elsewhere |
|
Lose |
9.
Loss of body weight |
|
Receipts |
10.
Recurrence |
|
Physical
examination |
|
|
Not |
1.
Number |
|
Single |
2.
Situtation |
|
Service |
3.
Shape |
|
Station |
4.
Size |
|
Can |
5.
Colour |
|
Serve |
6.
Surface |
|
Every |
7.
Edge |
|
Person |
8.
Pulsation |
|
In |
9.
Impulse on coughing |
|
Same |
10.
Skin over the swelling |
|
Polite |
11.
Pressure effects |
|
Loving |
12.
Local temperature |
|
Tone |
13.
Tenderness |
Examination
of an Ulcer
|
History |
|||
|
Decent |
1.
Duration |
||
|
Men |
2.
Mode of onset |
||
|
Pay |
3.
Pain |
||
|
Due |
4.
Discharge |
||
|
Price |
5.
Past history |
||
|
Physical
examination |
|||
|
Indian |
A.
Inspection |
||
|
New |
1.
Number |
||
|
Persons |
2.
Position |
||
|
Specially |
3.
Size |
||
|
Sought |
4.
Shape |
||
|
For |
5.
Floor |
||
|
Every |
6.
Edge |
||
|
Day |
7.
Discharge |
||
|
Short |
8.
Surrounding area |
||
|
Visits |
9.
Varicose veins |
||
|
People |
B.
Palpation |
||
|
Tried |
1.
Tenderness |
||
|
Even |
2.
Edge |
||
|
Better |
3.
Base |
||
|
Makes |
4.
Mobility |
||
|
Like |
C.
Lymph nodes |
||
|
Imported |
D.
Impairment of circulation |
||
|
Nuts |
E.
Nerve lesions |
Tumours
Common
Benign Tumours
|
People's |
1.
Papilloma |
|
Liking |
2.
Lipoma |
|
For |
3.
Fibroma |
|
Kites |
4.
Keloid |
|
Not |
5.
Neurofibroma |
|
Always |
6.
Angiomas a. Capillary b. Cavernous |
|
Concealed |
7.
Chondroma a. Enchondroma b. Ecchondroma |
Malignant
Tumour
|
Etiology |
||
|
Common |
1.
Chemical |
|
|
People |
2.
Physical |
|
|
Visit |
3.
Viral |
|
|
Great |
4.
Genetic |
|
|
Monuments |
5.
Miscellaneous (diet) |
|
|
Spread |
||
|
Dim |
1.
Direct extension |
|
|
Light |
2.
Lymphatic |
|
|
Vision |
3.
Vascular |
|
|
Thin |
4.
Transcoelomic |
|
|
Local effects |
||
|
Evening |
1.
Expansive a. Obstruction b. Lump |
|
|
In |
2.
Infiltrative a. Pain b. Fixation |
|
|
Newzealand |
3.
Necrosis a. Bleeding b. Infection |
|
|
Metastatic effects |
||
|
Lady |
1.
Lymphadenopathy |
|
|
Dancers |
2.
Dyspnoea (lung) |
|
|
Join |
3.
Jaundice (liver) |
|
|
Fun |
4.
Fracture (bone) |
|
|
Every |
5.
Epilepsy (brain) |
|
|
Night |
6.
Nodules (skin) |
|
|
Systemic effects |
||
|
College |
1.
Constitutional |
Cachexia
and weight loss |
|
Anaemia |
||
|
Fever |
||
|
Can |
2.
Cutaneous |
Acantosis
nigricans |
|
Dermatomyositis |
||
|
Hire |
3.
Haematological |
Polycythaemia |
|
Very |
4.
Vascular |
Thrombophlebitis |
|
Huge |
5.
Hormonal and metabolic |
Cushing's
disease (lung) |
|
ADH
secretion (lung) |
||
|
Hypercalcaemia
(lung, breast) |
||
|
Hypoglycaemia
(liver |
||
|
Grand |
6.
Gout (lymphomas |
|
|
Net |
7.
Neuromuscular |
Cerebellar
degeneration (lung) |
|
Myasthenia
gravis (thymus) |
Complications
of Radiotherapy
|
Now |
1.
Nausea, vomiting, malaise |
|
Some |
2.
Skin ulceration |
|
Beautiful |
3.
Bowel stricture, ulceration or perforation |
|
New |
4.
Nephritis |
|
Girls |
5.
Gonadal atrophy |
|
Present |
6.
Pancytopenia |
|
Poetry |
7.
Pneumonitis and fibrosis |
|
Please |
8.
Pericarditis |
|
Come |
9.
Conjunctivitis and cataract |
|
Closer |
10.
Cerebral oedema |
|
Beauty |
11.
Bone necrosis |
|
Lovers |
12.
Leukaemia |
Cardiovascular
System
Cardiac
Arrest
|
Causes |
||||
|
My |
1.
Myocardial infarction |
|||
|
Heavens! |
2.
Hypoxia |
|||
|
Did |
3.
Drugs e.g. adrenaline, anaesthetics |
|||
|
He |
4.
Hypothermia |
|||
|
Ever |
5.
Embolism |
|||
|
Have |
6.
Haemorrhage and shock |
|||
|
Flat? |
7.
Fright |
|||
|
Everyone |
8.
Electrocution |
|||
|
Enquired |
9.
Electrolyte imbalance |
|||
|
As |
10.
Acid base imbalance |
|||
|
He |
11.
Hypercapnoea |
|||
|
Vanished |
12.
Viscerocardiac reflexes |
|||
|
Signs |
||||
|
Union |
1.
Unconsciousness |
|||
|
People |
2.
Pulse not palpable |
|||
|
Giving |
3.
Gasping or apnoea |
|||
|
Posters |
4.
Pupils dilated |
|||
|
Management |
||||
|
Rupee |
1.
Raise foot end |
|||
|
Coins |
2.
Clear airway |
|||
|
Are |
3.
Artificial respiration |
|||
|
Every |
4.
External cardiac massage |
|||
|
Day |
5.
Drugs |
|||
|
A |
Adrenaline
1 ampoule i.v. |
|||
|
Curly |
Calcium
gluconate 10 ml i.v. |
|||
|
Haired |
Hydrocortisone
100 mg i.v. |
|||
|
Spy |
Sodium
bicarbonate 6-10 ml i.v. |
|||
|
In |
6.
Internal cardiac massage |
|||
|
Demand |
7.
Defibrillation |
|||
|
Every |
Electric
defibrillation |
|||
|
Saint |
Sodium
bicarbonate 100 ml i.v. |
|||
|
Prays |
Procainamide
200 mg i.v. |
|||
|
Lord |
Lignocaine
50-100 mg i.v. |
Shock
- Clinical Picture
|
Please |
1.
Pallor |
|
Send |
2.
Skin cold and moist |
|
Red |
3.
Respiration rapid and shallow |
|
Carpets. |
4.
Cyanosis |
|
People |
5.
Pulse weak and rapid |
|
Have |
6.
Hypotension |
|
Often |
7.
Oliguria |
|
Played |
8.
Polydipsia |
|
A |
9.
Apprehension and restlessness |
|
Demon |
10.
Diminished senses |
Gangrene
- Causes
|
Cops |
A.
Cardiovascular |
||
|
An |
Arteriosclerosis
(senile) |
||
|
Evening |
Endarteritis
obliterans (syphilis) |
||
|
Real |
Raynaud's
disease |
||
|
Brothers |
Buerger's
disease |
||
|
Can |
Cervical
rib |
||
|
Emerge |
Ergot
poisoning |
||
|
Enemies |
Embolic |
||
|
Now |
B.
Nerve Disease |
||
|
Short |
Syringomyelia |
||
|
Thin |
Tabes
dorsalis |
||
|
People |
Peripheral
neuritis |
||
|
Like |
Leprosy |
||
|
Him |
Hemiplegia |
||
|
Please |
Paraplegia |
||
|
Trying |
C.
Traumatic |
||
|
Tissue
injury |
|||
|
Vascular
injury |
|||
|
To |
D.
Thermochemical |
||
|
He |
Heat |
||
|
Can |
Cold |
||
|
Complete |
Corrosives |
||
|
X-ray |
X-ray |
||
|
Reporting |
Radium |
||
|
Indict |
E.
Infective |
||
|
a. Acute |
|||
|
Bose |
Boil |
||
|
Can |
Carbuncle |
||
|
Complete |
Cancrum
oris |
||
|
Project |
Postoperative |
||
|
b. Gas gangrene |
|||
|
Doctor |
F.
Diabetic |
Chronic
Peripheral Ischaemia
|
Central |
1.
Claudication |
|
|
Hip
pain (bilateral iliac) |
||
|
Thigh
pain (common femoral) |
||
|
Calf
pain (superficial femoral) |
||
|
Park |
2.
Pulses diminished or lost |
|
|
Has |
3.
Hair absent, nails brittle or opaque |
|
|
Many |
4.
Muscle atrophy |
|
|
Pretty |
5.
Pallor on elevation |
|
|
Damsels |
6.
Dependent rubor |
|
|
Coming |
7.
Capillary return slow |
|
|
With |
8.
Wound healing slow |
|
|
Pistols |
9.
Pain at rest |
|
|
Under |
10.
Ulceration and Gangrene |
Acute
Arterial Occlusion - Effects
|
1.
Pain |
|
|
2.
Pallor |
|
|
6 |
3.
Pulseless |
|
P's |
4.
Parasthesia |
|
5.
Paralysis |
|
|
6.
Perishing cold |
Urinary
System
Urinary
Obstruction - Causes
|
A. In pelvis |
||
|
Come |
1.
Congenital |
|
|
Tomorrow |
2.
Tumour |
|
|
Shop |
3.
Stone |
|
|
Closed |
4.
Clot |
|
|
B. In ureter |
||
|
She |
1.
Stone |
|
|
Can |
2.
Clot |
|
|
Try |
3.
Tumour |
|
|
Samples |
4.
Stricture |
|
|
Under |
5.
Ureterocoele |
|
|
Company |
6.
Carcinoma |
|
|
Colon |
||
|
Rectum |
||
|
Cervix |
||
|
Rules |
7.
Retroperitoneal fibrosis |
|
|
C. In urethra |
||
|
Please |
1.
Prostate |
|
|
Send |
2.
Stricture |
|
|
Female |
3.
Foreign bodies |
|
|
Coach |
4.
Congenital valves |
Urolithiasis
|
Causes |
||
|
a.
Stasis |
||
|
His |
1.
Hydronephrosis |
|
|
Brother |
2.
Bladder diverticulum |
|
|
Really |
3.
Retroprostatic pouch |
|
|
Living |
4.
Large residual volume |
|
|
In |
5.
Immobilityt |
|
|
Distress |
6.
Dehydration |
|
|
b.
Excess of normal constituents |
||
|
1.
Hyperparathyroidism (calcium) |
||
|
2.
Gout (urate) |
||
|
3.
Crohn's disease (oxalate, urate, calcium) |
||
|
c.
Abnormal urine constituents |
||
|
1.
Foreign body |
||
|
2.
Epithelial debris (infection) |
||
|
Radiological D/D |
||
|
Call |
1.
Calcified lymph node |
|
|
Girl |
2.
Gall stones |
|
|
Pulled |
3.
Phleboliths |
|
|
The |
4.
Tuberculosis |
|
|
Curtain, |
5.
Calcified adrenal |
|
|
Confessed |
6.
Calcified pancreas |
|
|
Real |
7.
Radioopaque pills |
|
|
Crime |
8.
Calcified fibroids |
Gastrointestinal
System
Ulcers
of Tongue
|
Doctor |
1.
Dental ulcer |
|
Can |
2.
Chronic nonspecific ulcer |
|
Inject |
3.
Infective ulcer |
|
Some |
4.
Syphilitic ulcer |
|
Tested |
5.
Tuberculous ulcer |
|
Medicine |
6.
Malignant ulcer |
Tumours
of Tongue
|
Benign |
||
|
Physicians |
1.
Papilloma |
|
|
And |
2.
Angioma |
|
|
Lawyers |
3.
Lymphangioma |
|
|
Never |
4.
Neurofibroma |
|
|
Let |
5.
Lipoma |
|
|
Loose |
6.
Lingual thyroid |
|
|
Malignant |
||
|
Carcinoma |
Dysphagia
- Causes
|
Boys |
A.
Bucco-pharyngeal |
||
|
I |
1.
Inflammations |
||
|
Undertake |
2.
Ulceration |
||
|
Low |
3.
Labioglossolaryngeal paralysis |
||
|
Budget |
4.
Bulbar paralysis |
||
|
Schemes |
5.
Spasm |
||
|
For |
6.
Foreign bodies |
||
|
Routine |
7.
Retropharyngeal abscess |
||
|
Treatment |
8.
Tumours |
||
|
Like |
B
Laryngeal |
||
|
A |
1.
Acute laryngitis |
||
|
Complaint |
2.
Chronic laryngitis |
||
|
To |
3.
Tuberculosis |
||
|
Station |
4.
Syphilis |
||
|
Master |
5.
Malignancy |
||
|
Only |
C.
Oesophageal |
||
|
Can |
1.
Congenital malformations |
||
|
International |
2.
Inflammation - acute or chronic |
||
|
Funds |
3.
Foreign body |
||
|
Department |
4.
Diverticula |
||
|
Offer |
5.
Oesophagectasia |
||
|
Some |
6.
Simple stricture |
||
|
Money? |
7.
Malignant stricture |
||
|
New |
D.
Neck |
||
|
G |
1.
Goitre |
||
|
A |
2.
Aneurysm |
||
|
T |
3.
Tumours |
||
|
E |
4.
Enlarged lymph nodes |
||
|
Teacher |
E.
Thorax |
||
|
Middle |
1.
Mediastinal tumours |
||
|
Men |
2.
Medistinal lymph nodes |
||
|
Assist |
3.
Aneurysms |
Carcinoma
of Stomach
|
Etiology |
|||
|
Poor |
1.
Peptic ulcer |
||
|
Men |
2.
Macrocytic anaemia |
||
|
Generally |
3.
Gastric polyposis |
||
|
Cursed |
4.
Chronic gastritis |
||
|
Clinical features |
|||
|
Deaf |
1.
Dyspepsia |
||
|
And |
2.
Anorexia |
||
|
Dumb |
3.
Discomfort after food |
||
|
First |
4.
Flatulence |
||
|
Lived |
5.
Loss of weight |
||
|
Desperately |
6.
Dyspnoea and palpitation (anaemia) |
||
|
Now |
7.
Nausea |
||
|
People |
8.
Pain in stomach and back - relieved by vomiting |
||
|
Delivering |
9.
Dysphagia, heartburn |
||
|
Generous |
10.
Gastric Distention |
||
|
Aid |
11.
Anaemia and cachexia |
||
|
Diagnosis |
|||
|
Boring |
1.
Barium radiography |
||
|
Gossip |
2.
Gastroscopy |
||
|
From |
3.
Fractional test meal |
||
|
Short |
4.
Stool examination for occult blood |
||
|
Wave |
5.
Weight chart |
||
|
Treatment |
|||
|
Girls |
1.
Gastroenterostomy |
||
|
Generally |
2.
Gastrostomy |
||
|
Join |
3.
Jejunostomy |
||
|
Inside |
4.
Insertion of radon seeds or short lengths of radioactive gold wire |
||
|
Postgastrectomy
syndrome |
|||
|
A.
Ulceration |
|||
|
1.
Jejunal ulcer |
|||
|
2.
Gastric ulcer |
|||
|
3.
Zollinger-Ellison syndrome |
|||
|
B.
Altered function |
|||
|
a.
Postcibal symptoms |
|||
|
1.
Early postcibal syndrome (Dumpimg syndrome) |
|||
|
2.
Late postcibal syndrome (hypoglycaemic syndrome) |
|||
|
3.
Bile vomiting |
|||
|
b.
Nutritional disturbances |
|||
|
Why |
1.
Weight loss and sreatorrhoea |
||
|
Is |
2.
Iron deficiency anaemia |
||
|
My |
3.
Megaloblastic anaemia |
||
|
Vehicle |
4.
Vitamin B Deficiency |
||
|
Stopped? |
5.
Severe malnutrition |
Chronic
Peptic Ulcer
|
Etiology |
||
|
Please |
1.
Personality predisposition |
|
|
Assist |
2.
Acid factor |
|
|
The |
3.
Traumatic factor |
|
|
Very |
4.
Vascular factor |
|
|
Tall |
5.
Toxic factor |
|
|
New |
6.
Neurogenic factor |
|
|
Visiting |
7.
Vitamin deficiency factor |
|
|
Doctor |
8.
Diet factor |
|
|
Clinical features |
||
|
Pushing |
1.
Pain |
|
|
Very |
2.
Vomiting |
|
|
Heavily |
3.
Haematemesis |
|
|
My |
4.
Melaena |
|
|
Loaded |
5.
Loss of weight |
|
|
Truck |
6.
Tenderness |
|
|
Differential diagnosis |
||
|
Carrying |
1.
Cholecystitis |
|
|
A |
2.
Appendicitis |
|
|
Rocking |
3.
Renal colic |
|
|
Horse |
4.
Hiatus hernia |
|
|
On |
5.
Oesophagitis |
|
|
Car |
6.
Chronic pancreatitis |
|
|
And |
7.
Angina pectoris |
|
|
Coming |
8.
Carcinoma of stomach, colon or liver |
|
|
Immediately |
9.
Idiopathic dyspepsia |
|
|
Complications |
||
|
Her |
1.
Haemorrage |
|
|
Parents |
2.
Perforation |
|
|
Paid |
3.
Perigastric inflammation |
|
|
Some |
4.
Stenosis |
|
|
Pyloric
stenosis |
||
|
Hour-glass
stomach |
||
|
Amount |
5.
Anastomotic ulcer |
|
|
Treatment |
||
|
Very |
1.
Vagotomy |
|
|
Great |
2.
Gastrojejunostomy |
|
|
Person |
3.
Partial gastrectomy |
Appendicitis
|
Etiology |
|
|
Pretty |
1.
Poor blood supply |
|
Big |
2.
Bacteria within the lumen and lymphoid follicles |
|
Guns |
3.
Greater length, direction and position |
|
Seen |
4.
Short mesentery |
|
Busy |
5.
Blocked opening into caecum |
|
In |
6.
Intestinal infection and foreign bodies |
|
Indian |
7.
Inflammation of caecum and colon |
|
Equity |
8.
External trauma |
|
Clinical types |
|
|
College |
1.
Catarrhal appendicitis |
|
Guys |
2.
Gangrenous appendicitis |
|
Are |
3.
Appendicular abscess |
|
Only |
4.
Obstructive appendicitis |
|
Roaming |
5.
Recurrent appendicitis |
|
At |
6.
Appendicular gastralgia |
|
College |
7.
Chronic appendicitis |
|
Clinical Features (of Catarrhal type) |
|
|
Police |
1.
Pain in right iliac fossa |
|
Force |
2.
Fever |
|
Not |
3.
Nausea and vomiting |
|
Caring |
4.
Constipation - diarrhoea in children |
|
To |
5.
Tongue furred with foul breath |
|
Attend |
6.
Abdominal wall rigid, right thigh flexed |
|
The |
7.
Tenderness at McBurney's point - Rebound tenderness |
|
Lone |
8.
Lump |
|
Crying |
9.
Cutaneous hyperaesthesia |
|
Lady |
10.
Leucocyte count over 12,000/cu.mm. |
|
Differential Diagnosis |
|
|
Many |
1.
Mesenteric adenitis |
|
People |
2.
Pneumonia (in children) |
|
Even |
3.
Enteritis |
|
Admire |
4.
Acute pyelitis |
|
Prime |
5.
Perforation of duodenum or stomach |
|
Minister |
6.
Mucous colitis |
|
Serving |
7.
Salpingitis and oophoritis |
|
Social |
8.
Spinal tuberculosis |
|
Service |
9.
Suppuration of deep iliac nodes |
|
Cause |
10.
Carcinoma of caecum |
Peritonitis
|
Etiology |
|||
|
Great |
1.
Gastrointestinal |
||
|
Please |
a.
Peptic ulcer perforation |
||
|
Teach |
b.
Traumatic rupture |
||
|
First |
c.
Foreign body impaction |
||
|
Step |
d.
Strangulation and volvulus |
||
|
Again |
e.
Appendicitis |
||
|
People |
2.
Puerperal peritonitis |
||
|
Preach |
3.
Perforating wounds and operations |
||
|
Good |
4.
Gonococcal salpingitis |
||
|
To |
5.
Tuberculosis |
||
|
Mankind |
6.
Mechanical or chemical |
||
|
Extravasation
of bile |
|||
|
Intraperitoneal
rupture of gall bladder |
|||
|
Bleeding
from liver, spleen, ectopic pregnancy |
|||
|
Clinical Picture - Localised peritonitis |
|||
|
Fallopian |
1.
Fever |
||
|
Tube |
2.
Tachycardia |
||
|
Pregnancy |
3.
Pain |
||
|
Very |
4.
Vomiting |
||
|
Rare |
5.
Rigidity of abdominal wall |
||
|
Clinical Picture - Diffuse peritonitis |
|||
|
Early
stage : |
|||
|
Patients |
1.
Pain spreading all over abdomen |
||
|
Very |
2.
Vomiting bile-stained and effortless |
||
|
Pained |
3.
Patient supine with knees flexed |
||
|
To |
4.
Temperature raised - subnormal in fulminant cases |
||
|
Pay |
5.
Pulse rising |
||
|
The |
6.
Tongue moist |
||
|
Fee |
7.
Face flushed |
||
|
Are |
8.
Abdominal wall without respiratory movements |
||
|
Demonstrating |
9.
Diffuse rigidity of abdomen |
||
|
Now |
10.
No peristaltic sounds |
||
|
Intermediate
stage (3rd day) : |
|||
|
1.
Abdomen acutely tender |
|||
|
2.
Pulse rate falls in recovering cases |
|||
|
3.
Rigidity gives place distention in bad cases |
|||
|
Later
stage : |
|||
|
General |
1.
Gross distention |
||
|
Public |
2.
Pulse rapid and thready |
||
|
Entry |
3.
Eyes sunken but bright |
||
|
Not |
4.
Nose pinched |
||
|
Too |
5.
Tongue dry and shrivelled |
||
|
Far |
6.
Forehead and hands cold and clammy |
||
|
From |
7.
Facies drawn and anxious (Hippocratic facies) |
||
|
School |
8.
Semiconsciousness in final stages |
||
|
Treatment |
|||
|
Riots |
1.
Rest to alimentary canal |
||
|
Ryle's
tube aspiration |
|||
|
Nothing
orally except 30 ml water every hour |
|||
|
Flatus
tube - No enema |
|||
|
Soon |
2.
Sedation - Morphine 10-15 mg i.m. every 4-hours as necessary |
||
|
Initiated |
3.
Intravenous fluids |
||
|
At |
4.
Antibiotics |
||
|
The |
5.
Treatment of cause |
||
|
Poll |
6.
Peritoneal toilet (sucking) |
||
Paralytic
Ileus - Causes
|
Patient |
1.
Postoperative |
|
Practically |
2.
Peritonitis |
|
Remained |
3.
Retroperitoneal haemorrhage - Fractured vertebrae |
|
Under |
4.
Ureteric colic |
|
Him |
5.
Hypokalaemia |
|
Until |
6.
Uraemia |
|
Doctor |
7.
Diabetic coma |
|
Declared |
8.
Drugs - Probanthine |
|
Him |
9.
Hypothyroidism |
|
Safe |
10.
Spinal cord injury |
Intestinal
Obstruction
|
Clinical types |
|||
|
All |
1.
Acute intestinal obstruction |
||
|
Injured |
2.
Intestinal strangulation |
||
|
Patients |
3.
Paralytic ileus |
||
|
Invariably |
4.
Intussusception |
||
|
Visit |
5.
Volvulus |
||
|
General |
6.
Gall stone ileus |
||
|
Medical |
7.
Mesenteric thrombosis and embolism |
||
|
Clinics |
8.
Chronic intestinal obstruction |
||
|
Causes |
|||
|
a.
Intraluminar |
|||
|
May |
1.
Meconium |
||
|
I |
2.
Intussception |
||
|
Get |
3.
Gall stones |
||
|
In? |
4.
Impaction |
||
|
Four |
Faecolith |
||
|
Wealthy |
Worms |
||
|
Boys |
Barium |
||
|
Have |
Hair |
||
|
Failed |
Food |
||
|
b.
Bowel wall |
|||
|
Copper |
1.
Congenital |
||
|
An |
Atresia
or stenosis |
||
|
Italian |
Imperforate
anus |
||
|
Diplomatic |
Duplications |
||
|
Mission |
Meckel's
diverticulum |
||
|
T |
2.
Traumatic |
||
|
Haematoma |
|||
|
Stricture |
|||
|
In |
3.
Inflammatory |
||
|
Crohn's
disease |
|||
|
Diverticulitis |
|||
|
Newly |
4.
Neoplastic |
||
|
Married? |
5.
Miscellaneous |
||
|
Potassium
induced stricture |
|||
|
Radiation
stricture |
|||
|
Endometriosis |
|||
|
c.
Extraluminal |
|||
|
A |
Adhesions
or bands |
||
|
House |
Hernia |
||
|
At |
Annular
pancreas |
||
|
A |
Anomalous
vessels |
||
|
Height |
Haematoma |
||
|
Never |
Neoplasms |
||
|
Visited |
Volvulus |
||
|
Treatment |
|||
|
Lady |
1.
Lysis of adhesions |
||
|
Robber |
2.
Reduction or resection of intussception |
||
|
Reached |
3.
Reduction of hernia |
||
|
Every |
4.
Enterotomy |
||
|
Remote |
5.
Resection |
||
|
Building |
6.
Bypass |
||
|
Under |
7.
Untwisting of volvulus |
||
|
Dark |
8.
Decompression with |
||
|
Ileostomy |
|||
|
Caecostomy |
|||
|
Colostomy |
Acute
Cholecystitis
|
Clinical picture |
|
|
People |
1.
Pain in right hypochondrium |
|
Now |
2.
Nausea and vomiting |
|
May |
3.
Malaise |
|
Find |
4.
Fever |
|
Taxation |
5.
Tachycardia |
|
Really |
6.
Rigidity of abdominal wall |
|
Meaningful |
7.
Murphy's sign positive |
|
Differential diagnosis |
|
|
Pale |
1.
Peptic ulcer |
|
Patients |
2.
Pancreatitis |
|
May |
3.
Myocardial infarction |
|
Have |
4.
Hepatitis |
|
A |
5.
Appendicitis |
|
Post |
6.
Pneumonia |
|
Partum |
7.
Pleurisy |
|
Haemorrhyage |
8.
Herpes zoster |
|
Treatment |
|
|
All |
1.
Antibiotics |
|
In |
2.
I.V. fluids |
|
Company |
3.
Cholecystectomy |
Cholelithiasis
|
Types of stones |
|
|
Milk |
1.
Mixed stones |
|
Can |
2.
Cholesterol stones |
|
Produce |
3.
Pigment stones |
|
Curd |
4.
Calcium carbonate stomes |
|
Clinical picture |
|
|
Doctor |
1.
Dyspepsia |
|
Found |
2.
Flatulence |
|
A |
3.
Aversion to fatty food |
|
Nurse |
4.
Nausea |
|
Even |
5.
Epigastric pain |
|
Standing |
6.
Subcostal pain referred to shoulder |
|
Still |
7.
Subcostal tenderness |
|
Sites of Impaction |
|
|
Good |
1.
Gall bladder |
|
Cases |
2.
Cystic duct |
|
Coming |
3.
Common bile duct |
|
Predisposing factors |
|
|
Late |
1.
Lithogenic bile |
|
Sittings |
2.
Stasis |
|
In |
3.
Infection |
|
Heart |
4.
Haemolysis |
|
Disease |
5.
Diabetes mellitus |
|
Have |
6.
Hyperlipidaemia |
|
Often |
7.
Oral contraceptives |
|
Increased |
8.
Intestinal parasites |
|
Cardiac |
9.
Crohn's disease |
|
Pain |
10.
Phaeochromocytoma |
Chronic
cholecystitis
|
Differential diagnosis |
|
|
New |
1.
Nervous dyspepsia |
|
Patients |
2.
Peptic ulcer |
|
Generally |
3.
Gastritis |
|
Can |
4.
Chronic pancreatitis |
|
Call |
5.
Carcinoma of stomach |
|
Him |
6.
Hepatic flexure disease |
|
Late |
7.
Liver abscess |
|
General complications |
|
|
A |
1.
Acute cholecystitis |
|
Car |
2.
Common bile duct stone |
|
Can |
3.
Cholecystenteric fistula |
|
Pull |
4.
Pancreatitis |
|
Car |
5.
Carcinoma of gall bladder |
|
Complications in gall bladder |
|
|
Some |
1.
Silent stones |
|
Dying |
2.
Dyspepsia |
|
Cases |
3.
Colic |
|
May |
4.
Mucocoele |
|
Come |
5.
Acute cholecystitis |
|
Casually |
6.
Chronic cholecystitis |
|
Complications in bile duct |
|
|
Come |
1.
Colic |
|
On |
2.
Obstructive jaundice |
|
Anne |
3.
Acute pancreatitis |
|
Complications in intestine |
|
|
Intestinal
obstruction |
|
Acute
Pancreatitis
|
Etiology |
||
|
Even |
1.
Extrahepatic biliary disease |
|
|
At |
2.
Alcoholism |
|
|
The |
3.
Trauma |
|
|
Posh |
4.
Postoperative |
|
|
Gastrectomy |
||
|
Biliary
surgery |
||
|
Afferent
loop obstruction |
||
|
Hospitals |
5.
Hyperparathyroidism |
|
|
Departments |
6.
Drugs |
|
|
Thiazides |
||
|
Frusemide |
||
|
Corticosteroids |
||
|
Have |
7.
Hypothermia |
|
|
Hired |
8.
Hypercholestraemia |
|
|
Various |
9.
Viral |
|
|
Mumps |
||
|
Coxsackie |
||
|
Machines |
10.
Miscellaneous |
|
|
Polyarteritis
nodosa |
||
|
Malignant
hypertension |
||
|
Clinical features |
||
|
1.
Epigastric pain radiating to back |
||
|
2.
Vomiting |
||
|
3.
Distention |
||
|
4.
Jaundice |
||
|
5.
Glycosuria |
||
|
6.
Carpopedal spasm |
||
|
7.
Ecchymosis in flanks and around unbilicus |
||
|
Differential diagnosis |
||
|
Poor |
1.
Penetrating duodenal ulcer |
|
|
Patients |
2.
Perforated duodenal ulcer |
|
|
Are |
3.
Acute cholecystitis |
|
|
In |
4.
Ischaemic bowel |
|
|
Mesenteric
embolus |
||
|
Strangulation |
||
|
Maximum |
5.
Myocardial infarction |
|
|
Distress |
6.
Dissecting aneurysm |
Splenectomy
|
Indications |
||
|
Resident |
1.
Ruptured spleen |
|
|
Reading |
2.
Radical gastrectomy |
|
|
Bed |
3.
Blood disorders |
|
|
Idiopathic
thrombocytopenia |
||
|
Hereditory
spherocytosis |
||
|
Head |
4.
Hodgkin's disease |
|
|
Ticket |
5.
Tumours and cysts |
|
|
Complications |
||
|
He |
1.
Haemorrhage |
|
|
Sees |
2.
Stomach dilatation |
|
|
Lady |
3.
Lung collapse (left lower lobe) |
|
|
Patients |
4.
Pancreatitis |
|
|
Sitting
at |
5.
Subphrenic abscess |
|
|
Some |
6.
Splenic vein thrombosis |
|
|
Safe |
7.
Septicaemia |
|
|
Distance |
8.
Deep vein thrombosis |
Hernia
|
Congenital causes |
||
|
First |
1.
Funicular process nonobliteration |
|
|
Time |
2.
Testes descended late |
|
|
A |
3.
Abdominal muscles and parieties weak |
|
|
Pre |
4.
Patency of rings usually more |
|
|
Marital |
5.
Mesentery or omentum abnormally long |
|
|
Evacuation |
6.
Extreme phimosis |
|
|
Causes |
7.
Congenital apertures in linea alba or linea semilunaris |
|
|
Ultra |
8.
Umbilicus imperfectly developed |
|
|
Distress |
9.
Diaphragm defective, occasionally |
|
|
Acquired causes |
||
|
Please |
1.
Postoperative |
|
|
Decorate |
2.
Direct trauma |
|
|
Central |
3.
Chronic strain |
|
|
Weight
lifting occupations |
||
|
Chronic
cough |
||
|
Enlarged
prostate or stricture |
||
|
Constipation |
||
|
Registration |
4.
Relaxation of abdominal parieties |
|
|
Pregnancy,
imperfect involution |
||
|
Old
age |
||
|
Office |
5.
Obesity |
|
|
Contents |
||
|
I |
1.
Intestines (enterocoele) |
|
|
Only |
2.
Omentum (epicocoele) |
|
|
Can |
3.
Caecum |
|
|
Advise |
4.
Appendix |
|
|
U |
5.
Urinary bladder |
|
|
Extraperitoneal |
||
|
Paraperitoneal |
||
|
Intraperitoneal |
||
|
On |
6.
Ovary and fallopian tube |
|
|
Marriage |
7.
Meckel's diverticulam |
|
Types |
|||||
|
I |
1.
Inguinal hernia |
||||
|
One |
a.
Oblique inguinal hernia |
||||
|
A |
Acquired |
||||
|
Cunning |
Congenital |
||||
|
Inspector |
Infantile
or cystic |
||||
|
Day |
b.
Direct inguinal hernia |
||||
|
Invite |
c.
Interstitial hernia |
||||
|
Intraparietal |
|||||
|
Interparietal |
|||||
|
Extraparietal |
|||||
|
Her |
d.
Hernia-en-Glissade |
||||
|
Firmly |
2.
Femoral hernia |
||||
|
Under |
3.
Umbilical hernia |
||||
|
a.
Infantile |
|||||
|
b.
Adult |
|||||
|
Valued |
4.
Ventral hernia |
||||
|
a.
Epigastric hernia |
|||||
|
b.
Divarication of recti |
|||||
|
Lady |
5.
Lumber hernia |
||||
|
Dancing |
6.
Diaphragmatic hernia |
||||
|
a.
Congenital diaphragmatic hernia |
|||||
|
b.
Traumatic diaphragmatic hernia |
|||||
|
c
Hiatus hernia |
|||||
|
Over |
7.
Obturator hernia |
||||
|
Rope |
8.
Rare types |
||||
|
Please |
a.
Pudic hernia |
||||
|
Pay |
b.
Pudendal hernia |
||||
|
Visit |
c.
Vaginal hernia |
||||
|
Soon |
d.
Sciatic hernia |
||||
|
Complications |
|
|
1.
Incarcerated hernia |
|
|
2.
Strangulated hernia |
|
|
3.
External strangulated hernia |
Nervous
System
Regional
Anaesthesia - Types
|
Short |
1.
Surface anaesthesia |
|
Ladies |
2.
Local infiltration |
|
Not |
3.
Nerve block |
|
Really |
4.
Refrigeration anaesthesia |
|
Energetic |
5.
Extradural anaesthesia |
Breast
Mastitis
- Types
|
I |
1.
Infantile mastitis |
|
Paid |
2.
Puberty mastitis |
|
My |
3.
Mumps Mastitis |
|
Every |
4.
Engorgment mastitis |
|
Buck |
5.
Bacterial mastitis |
Breast
Carcinoma - Spread
|
A.
Direct extension |
||||
|
Skin |
||||
|
Underlying
fascia, muscles and chest wall |
||||
|
B
Lymphatic extenstion |
||||
|
An |
1.
Axillary nodes |
|||
|
Can |
Central |
|||
|
Police |
Pectoral |
|||
|
Say |
Subcapsular |
|||
|
Something? |
Subclavicular
or apical |
|||
|
Agent |
2.
Anterior mediastinal nodes |
|||
|
Seen |
3.
Supraclavicular nodes |
|||
|
On |
4.
Opposite breast |
|||
|
Aeroplane |
5.
Abdominal wall, liver and peritoneal cavity |
|||
|
C.
Vascular |
||||
|
Very |
1.
Vertebrae |
|||
|
Rough |
2.
Ribs |
|||
|
Surface |
3.
Skull |
Breast
Carcinoma - Symptoms and Signs
|
Little |
1.
Localised mass, stony hard with irregular surface |
||
|
A |
2.
Adhesions to skin |
||
|
While |
3.
Whole breast may be infiltrated or shrunken |
||
|
Before |
4.
Breast adherent to pectoral fascia and muscle |
||
|
Ladies |
5.
Lymph nodes enlarged and stony hard - later matted and ulcerated |
||
|
Often |
6.
Opposite breast may show secondary deposit |
||
|
Practiced |
7.
Paralysis of arm with severe pain in extremities |
||
|
Low |
8.
Later, induration, discoloration and ulceration |
||
|
Monthly |
9.
Metastatic symptoms |
||
|
Just |
Jaundice |
||
|
Drink |
Dyspnoes
and pleural effusion |
||
|
A |
Ascites |
||
|
Bit |
Bone
pain |
||
|
Costs |
10.
Cachexia and emaciation |
Breast
Carcinoma - Clinical Varieties
|
Even |
1.
Extraduct cancer |
||
|
Send |
Scirrhous |
||
|
A |
Acute
encephaloid |
||
|
Line |
Lactational |
||
|
Atlas |
Adenocarcinoma |
||
|
I |
2.
Intraduct cancer |
||
|
May |
3.
Metaplastic cancer |
||
|
Manage |
4.
Male breast cancer |
Breast
Carcinoma - Treatment
|
Rogues |
1.
Radical mastectomy |
|
|
Live |
2.
Local mastectomy |
|
|
Every |
3.
Endocrine operations |
|
|
Bilateral
oophorectomy |
||
|
Adrenalectomy |
||
|
Hypophysectomy |
||
|
Room |
4.
Radiotherapy |
|
|
High
voltage therapy |
||
|
Radium
therapy |
||
|
Isotope
therapy |
||
|
Here |
5.
Hormone therapy |
|
|
Testosterone |
D/D
Breast Discharge
|
Big |
1.
Blood stained |
||
|
Indian |
Intraductal
papilloma or carcinoma |
||
|
Defence |
Duct
ectasia |
||
|
Force |
Fibroadenosis
with cysts |
||
|
Shops |
2.
Serous |
||
|
Pregnancy |
|||
|
Buy |
3.
Brown-green |
||
|
Fibroadenosis |
|||
|
Many |
4.
Milky |
||
|
Following
lactation |
|||
|
Galactocoele |
|||
|
Products |
5.
Purulent |
||
|
Abscess |
Orthopaedics
Fractures
|
Types |
|||
|
Some |
1.
Simple |
||
|
Cunning |
2.
Compound |
||
|
College |
3.
Comminuted |
||
|
Girl |
4.
Greenstick |
||
|
Paid |
5.
Pathological |
||
|
Short |
6.
Stress |
||
|
Clinical features |
|||
|
Please |
1.
Pain and tenderness |
||
|
Send |
2.
Swelling |
||
|
Doctor |
3.
Deformity |
||
|
A |
4.
Abnormal mobility |
||
|
Call |
5.
Crepitus |
||
|
Causes of nonunion |
|||
|
I |
1.
Improper immobilisation |
||
|
Injected |
2.
Infection |
||
|
A |
3.
Avascularity |
||
|
Safe |
4.
Soft tissue interposition |
||
|
Drug, |
5.
Distraction |
||
|
Man |
6.
Malnutrition and severe anaemia |
||
|
General complications |
|||
|
Surely |
1.
Shock |
||
|
A |
2.
Aseptic traumatic fever |
||
|
Harm |
3.
Hypostatic pneumonia |
||
|
Ful |
4.
Fat embolism |
||
|
Drug |
5.
Delirium tremens (in alcoholics) |
||
|
Local complications - Immediate |
|||
|
1.
Nerve injury |
|||
|
2.
Vascular injury |
|||
|
3.
Muscle and tendon injuries |
|||
|
4.
Visceral injury |
|||
|
5.
Joint injury |
|||
|
6.
Infection |
|||
|
Local complications - delayed |
|||
|
Dog |
1.
Delayed union or nonunion |
||
|
Makes |
2.
Malunion |
||
|
A |
3.
Avascular necrosis |
||
|
Very |
4.
Volkmann's ischaemic contracture |
||
|
Mighty |
5.
Myositis ossificans |
||
|
Jump |
6.
Joint stiffness due to :- |
||
|
Riot |
a.
Reactional oedema and adhesions |
||
|
Is |
b.
Intra- and periarticular adhesions |
||
|
Most |
c.
Myositis ossificans |
||
|
Ominous |
d.
Osteoarthritis |
||
|
Sight |
e.
Sudeck's osteodystrophy |
||
Joint
Injuries - Types
|
Definitely |
1.
Dislocations |
|
Some |
2.
Subluxations |
|
School |
3.
Sprains |
|
Function |
4.
Fracture dislocations |
Bone
Tumours - Classification
|
One |
1.
Osteogenic tumours |
||
|
Beauty |
a.
Benign osteoblastoma |
||
|
Often |
b.
Osteosarcoma |
||
|
Pays |
c.
Parosteal sarcoma |
||
|
Can |
2.
Chondrogenic tumours |
||
|
a.
Chondroma |
|||
|
b.
Chondrosarcoma |
|||
|
Consume |
3.
Collagenic tumours |
||
|
Osteoclastoma |
|||
|
Milk |
4.
Myelogenic tumours |
||
|
a.
Ewing's tumour |
|||
|
b.
Reticulum cell sarcoma |
|||
|
c.
Multiple myeloma |
Pott's
Disease - Clinical features
|
Patient |
1.
Pain and tenderness |
|
|
Reads
- |
2.
Rigidity |
|
|
Doctor |
3.
Deformity |
|
|
Can |
4.
Cold abscess |
|
|
Not
! |
5.
Nervous phenomena |
|
|
Paraplegia |
||
|
Root
pains |
Low
Backache - Causes
|
The |
1.
Traumatic |
|
|
Sprain |
||
|
Disc
prolapse |
||
|
Fracture |
||
|
Indian |
2.
Inflammatory |
|
|
Rheumatoid
arthritis |
||
|
Ankylosing
spondylitis |
||
|
Doctor |
3.
Degenerative |
|
|
Osteoarthritis |
||
|
Disc
prolapse |
||
|
Osteoporosis |
||
|
Now |
4.
Neoplastic |
|
|
Primary
tumours |
||
|
Metastases |
||
|
In |
5.
Infectious |
|
|
Tuberculosis |
||
|
Osteomyelitis |
||
|
Foeign |
6.
Functional |
|
|
Postural |
||
|
Pregnancy |
||
|
Leg
shortening |
||
|
Service |
7.
Structural |
|
|
Spondylosis |
||
|
Spondylisthesis |
||
|
Sacralisation |
Obstetrics & Gynaecology
A.Gynaecology
Causes of Pruritus Vulvae
|
Very |
1.
Vaginal discharge |
||
|
Too |
a.
Trichomoniasis |
||
|
Many |
b.
Moniliasis |
||
|
Nurses |
c.
Nonspecific vaginitis and cervicitis |
||
|
Talented |
2.
Toxaemic states |
||
|
Joining |
a.
Jaundice |
||
|
University |
b.
Uraemia |
||
|
Hostel |
c.
Hodgkin's disease |
||
|
Doctors |
3.
Deficiency diseases |
||
|
I |
a.
Iron deficiency anaemia |
||
|
Purchased |
b.
Pernicious anaemia |
||
|
A |
c.
Achlorhydria |
||
|
Horse |
d.
Hypovitaminosis A & B |
||
|
Doing |
4.
Diabetes mellitus |
||
|
Surgery |
5.
Skin conditions |
||
|
To |
a.
Tinea |
||
|
See |
b.
Scabes |
||
|
Picture, |
c.
Pediculosis |
||
|
They |
d.
Threadworms |
||
|
Have |
e.
Herpes |
||
|
Come |
f.
Contact dermatitis |
||
|
Definitely |
g.
Dermatitis medicamentosa |
||
|
Late; |
h.
Localised neurodermatitis |
||
|
So |
i.
Seborrhoeic dermatitis |
||
|
Losing |
j.
Lichen planus |
||
|
Place |
k.
Psoriasis |
||
|
In |
l.
Intertrigo |
||
|
Consequence |
m.
Chronic epithelial dystrophy |
||
|
Can |
6.
Carcinoma of vulva |
||
|
Produce |
7.
Psychogenic |
||
|
Infection |
8.
Idiopathic |
Inflammations
of Vulva
|
A.
Primary inflammations of vulva |
||||
|
Please |
1.
Pyogenic infections of hair follicles |
|||
|
a.
Folliculitis |
||||
|
b.
Furunculosis |
||||
|
Invite |
2.
Infected sebacious cysts |
|||
|
The |
3.
Traumatic infections |
|||
|
Any |
a.
Accidental |
|||
|
Casualty |
b.
Coital |
|||
|
Officer |
c.
Obstetric |
|||
|
Operates |
d.
Operative |
|||
|
Very |
4.
Venereal infections of vulva |
|||
|
Eminent |
5.
Eryseplas |
|||
|
Vascular |
6.
Vulvo-vaginitis in children |
|||
Urinary
Symptoms
|
Please |
1.
|
2.
Pain on micturition |
|
|
Can |
Cystitis |
||
|
Girls |
Gonoccal urethritis |
||
|
Enter? |
E. coli
urethritis |
||
|
Repair |
|
2. Retention of urine |
|
|
Ruined |
Retroverted gravid uterus |
||
|
My |
Myomata incarcerated in pelvis |
||
|
Huge |
Haematocolpos |
||
|
Plaster |
Pelvic haematocele |
||
|
Of |
Ovarian cyst impacted in pelvis |
||
|
Paris |
Postoperative |
||
|
Duly |
|
3. Difficulty in micturition |
|
|
|
|
|
Cystocele |
|
|
|
|
Complete procedentia |
|
The |
|
4. True incontinence |
|
|
|
|
|
Urinary fistula |
|
Faculty |
|
5. False (stress) incontinence |
|
|
|
|
|
Prolapse |
|
Fan |
|
6. Frequency of micturition |
|
|
|
Even |
|
Early pregnancy |
|
|
The |
|
Term pregnancy |
|
|
Union |
|
Urinary infections |
|
|
People |
|
Prolapse |
|
|
Pay |
|
Pelvic tumours |
Types
of Vaginitis
|
See |
|
Specific vaginitis |
|
|
|
Go |
Gonococcal and other venereal diseases |
|
||
|
To |
Trichomoniasis |
|
||
|
Mummy |
Moniliasis |
|
||
|
New |
|
Nonspecific vaginitis |
|
|
|
Sleep |
Streptococci |
|
||
|
Saves |
Staphylococci |
|
||
|
Energy |
E. coli |
|
||
|
Officer |
|
Oestrogen deficiency vaginitis |
|
|
|
|
Very |
|
Vulvovaginitis in children |
|
|
|
Simple |
|
Senile vaginitis |
|
|
Soon |
|
Secondary vaginitis |
|
|
|
|
Face |
|
Foreign body |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Vaginal pessary |
|
|
|
|
|
Contraceptive |
|
|
|
|
|
Tampon |
|
|
Is |
|
Infective conditions of the cervix |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Endocervicitis |
|
|
|
|
|
Childbirth injuries |
|
|
Under |
|
Urinary and rectal fistulae |
|
|
|
My |
|
Malignancy of genital tract |
|
|
|
Veil |
|
Vaginitis medicamentosa |
|
Vaginal
Discharge
|
|
Physiological |
|
|
|
|
|
Only |
|
Ovulation |
|
|
|
|
Sick |
|
Sexual stimulation |
|
|
|
|
People |
|
Premenstrual congestion |
|
|
|
|
Please |
|
Pregnancy |
|
|
|
|
|
Pathological |
|
|
|
|
|
Not |
|
|
Non-irritating non-odorous white
discharge |
||
|
Police |
|
|
Puberty |
||
|
People |
|
|
Pregnancy |
||
|
Can |
|
|
Cervical polyp |
||
|
Even |
|
|
Endocervical infection (mild) |
||
|
Challan |
|
|
Cervical lacerations |
||
|
Vehicles |
|
|
Vaginal infection |
||
|
In |
|
|
Irritating discharge |
||
|
|
|
|
Trichomonas vaginalis |
||
|
|
|
|
Candida albicans |
||
|
Your |
|
|
Yellow discharge |
||
|
Boss |
|
|
Bacterial infections of vagina |
||
|
Is |
|
|
Infective cervical polyp or erosion |
||
|
A |
|
|
Acute gonorrhea |
||
|
Sound |
|
|
Septic abortion |
||
|
Paid |
|
|
Puerperal sepsis |
||
|
Person |
|
|
Pyometra |
||
|
Office |
|
|
Offensive discharge |
||
|
Commonly |
|
|
Carcinoma of cervix |
||
|
Some |
|
|
Septic myomatous polyp |
||
|
Senior |
|
|
Septic abortion |
||
|
Specialist |
|
|
Sarcoma of uterus |
||
|
Comes |
|
|
Carcinoma of vagina |
||
|
For |
|
|
Foreign bodies |
||
|
Treatment |
|
|
Trichomonas infection |
||
|
But |
|
|
Blood stained discharge |
||
|
Obstruction |
|
|
Oestrogen deficiency (Senile vaginitis) |
||
|
Can |
|
|
Carcinoma of uterus |
||
|
Cause |
|
|
Cervical polyp |
||
|
Intense |
|
|
Infected submucous fibroid polyp |
||
|
Ureteric |
|
|
Ulcerative lesions |
||
|
Pain |
|
|
Placental polyp |
||
|
Way |
|
|
Watery discharge |
||
|
Uncle |
|
|
Urinary fistula |
||
|
Has |
|
|
Hydrops tubae profluens |
||
|
Come |
|
|
Carcinoma of fallopian tube |
||
|
Again |
|
|
Amniotic fluid leakage |
||
|
Far |
|
|
Faecal discharge |
||
|
|
|
|
Rectovaginal fistula |
||
Menstrual
Abnormalities
|
Many |
|
Menorrhagia |
|
|
|
Fibroid |
||
|
|
Polyp |
||
|
|
Pelvic inflammatory disease |
||
|
Patients |
|
Polymenorrhoea (epimenorrhoea) |
|
|
|
Ovarian congestion |
||
|
|
Ovarian dysfunction |
||
|
May |
|
Metrorrhagia |
|
|
|
|
|
Polyp |
|
|
|
|
Carcinoma of uterus |
|
Create |
|
Continuous bleeding |
|
|
|
An |
|
Abortion |
|
|
Enema |
|
Ectopic pregnancy |
|
|
Cures |
|
Carcinoma of cervix or endometrium |
|
|
Many |
|
Metropathia haemorrhagica |
|
|
Patients |
|
Polyp |
|
Petty |
|
Pregnancy haemorrhages |
|
|
|
Sauce |
|
Suppressed periods during first few
months |
|
|
And |
|
Abortion |
|
|
Eggs |
|
Ectopic pregnancy |
|
|
Have |
|
Hydatidiform mole |
|
|
Arrived |
|
Antepartum haemorrhage |
|
Problems |
|
Postmenopausal haemorrhage |
|
|
4 Constables |
|
|
Carcinoma of cervix |
|
|
|
Carcinoma of body |
|
|
|
|
Carcinoma of vagina |
|
|
|
|
Carcinoma of ovaries |
|
|
Under |
|
|
Urethral Caruncle |
|
Some |
|
|
Senile vaginitis |
|
Pretext |
|
|
Pressure ulcers (from retained ring
pessaries) |
|
Punished |
|
|
Polyp |
|
Every |
|
|
Erosions |
|
Man |
|
|
Myoma |
|
Standing |
|
|
Sarcoma of uterus |
|
On |
|
|
Ovarian tumours |
|
Opera |
|
|
Oestrogen administration |
D/D
Genital Sore
|
Some |
Syphilis |
|
|
Primary sore |
||
|
Secondary lesions |
||
|
Gumma |
||
|
Care |
Chancroid |
|
|
Less |
Lymphogranuloma venereum |
|
|
|
|
Primary lesion |
|
|
|
Late ulceration |
|
Guys |
Granuloma venereum |
|
|
Can |
Carcinoma |
|
|
|
|
Of vulva |
|
|
|
Of cervix |
|
Take |
Trauma |
|
|
|
|
Physical |
|
|
|
Chemical |
|
A |
Acute vulval ulcer (Behcet’s syndrome) |
|
|
Second |
Scabes |
|
|
Hand |
Herpes simplex |
|
|
Heavy |
Herpes zoster |
|
|
Tyre |
Tuberculosis |
|
Causes
of Dyspareunia
|
|
In the male |
||||
|
Can |
|
Congenital abnormality of the penis |
|||
|
I |
|
|
Impotence |
|
|
|
Peep |
|
|
Premature ejaculation |
|
|
|
In? |
|
|
Ignorance in coital technique |
||
|
|
|
In the female |
|||
|
|
|
|
Painful lesions |
||
|
Very |
|
|
|
Vulvitis |
|
|
Under |
|
|
|
Urethral caruncle |
|
|
Built |
|
|
|
Bartholin’s cyst or abcess |
|
|
Thin |
|
|
|
Tender operative scars |
|
|
Adult |
|
|
|
Anal fissure |
|
|
|
|
|
Obstructive lesions at introitus |
||
|
Ravindra |
|
|
|
Rigid or imperforate hymen |
|
|
Nath |
|
|
|
Narrow ineroitus |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Obstetrical injury or scarring |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Painful episiotomy scar |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Tightly repaired perineal tear |
|
Tagore |
|
|
|
Traumatic stenosis |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Congenital hypoplasia |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Kraurosis |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Lichen sclerosis |
|
Seldom |
|
|
|
Scar due to chemical burn |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Potassium permanganate |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Lysol |
|
Felt |
|
|
|
Functional spasm (vaginismus) |
|
|
Lonely |
|
|
|
Large, tender Bartholin’s cyst |
|
|
|
|
|
Obstructive lesions above the vagina |
||
|
|
C |
|
|
Congenital stenosis of vagina |
|
|
|
A |
|
|
Acquired stenosis |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Surgical operations |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Chemical burns |
|
|
T |
|
|
Tumours of vagina |
|
|
|
|
|
Uterine conditions |
|
|
|
Cold |
|
|
|
Cervicitis |
|
|
Creams |
|
|
|
Chronic parametritis |
|
|
Rarely |
|
|
|
Retroverted uterus |
|
|
Cold |
|
|
|
Chronic pelvic inflammatory disease |
|
|
|
|
|
Lesions of uterine appendages |
|
|
|
|
Please |
|
|
Prolapsed ovaries with retroversion |
|
|
|
Send |
|
|
Salpingo-oophoritis |
|
|
|
Eggs |
|
|
Endometriosis |
|
|
|
|
|
Extragenital lesions |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Diverticulitis of the sigmoid colon |
|
Methods
of Contraception
|
|
A.
General |
|
|
|
|
Total abstinence |
||
|
|
|
|
Abstinence during fertile phase |
|
|
|
B.
Female |
|
|
|
Sub |
|
Spermicidal substances |
|
|
Divisional |
|
Douching |
|
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Officers |
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Occlusive diaphragms |
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Are |
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Altering cervical mucus |
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In |
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Intrauterine contraceptive devices |
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Superior |
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Suppression of ovulation |
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Service |
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Surgical sterilization |
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C.
Male |
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Can |
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Coitus interruptus |
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Carry |
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Condom |
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Small |
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Suppression of spermatogenesis |
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Vessel |
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Vasectomy |
Classification
of Amenorrhoea
|
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Physiological |
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Papa |
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Prebubertal |
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Presented |
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Pregnancy |
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Lovely |
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Lactation |
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Pen |
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Postmenopausal |
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Primary pathological |
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3 Cars |
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Congenital obstructive defects |
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Noncanalisation of cervix |
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Noncanalisation of vagina |
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Imperforate hymen |
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Congenital absence of hypoplasia of
uterus |
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Congenital aplasia of ovaries |
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Turner’s syndrome |
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In |
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Intersexualism |
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Pseudohermaphroditism |
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His |
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Hypopituitary dwarfism |
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House |
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Hypothyroid cretinism |
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Secondary pathological |
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And |
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Acquired obstruction |
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Operative injury |
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Chemical burns |
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How |
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Hysterectomy |
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Often |
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Ovarian dysfunction |
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Delhi |
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Destruction of both ovaries |
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Disease |
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Radiation |
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Surgical removal |
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Population |
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Primary ovarian failure |
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Has |
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Hyperhormonal |
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Metropathia (early phases) |
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Hormone administration |
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Slowly |
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Stein-Leventhal syndrome |
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Multiplied |
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|
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Masculinizing ovarian tumours |
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|
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Aspirin |
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Arrhenoblastoma |
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Has |
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Hilus cell tumour |
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|
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Many |
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|
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Masculinising luteoma |
||
|
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Advantages |
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|
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Adrenal like tumours |
||
|
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Picture |
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Pituitary disorders |
|
|
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|
Please |
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Psychological |
|
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Anorexia |
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Pituitary shock |
||
|
Buy |
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Basophil adenoma |
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Cushing’s disease |
||
|
A |
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|
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Acidophil tumours |
|||
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Pen |
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Pituitary failure |
|
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|
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Chromophobe adenoma |
||
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Cysts |
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Simmond’s disease |
||
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Postpartum pituitary necrosis |
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Chiari-Frommel syndrome |
||
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At |
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Adrenal dysfunction |
|
|
||
|
|
|
|
|
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Adrenal cortical hyperplasia
(Adrenogenital syndrome) |
|||
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|
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Adrenal cortical tumours |
|
||
|
|
|
|
|
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Addisson’s disease |
|
||
|
|
|
The |
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Thyroid dysfunction |
|
|
||
|
|
|
|
|
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Hyperthyroidism |
|
||
|
|
|
|
|
|
Hypothyroidism (late stages) |
|||
|
|
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Door |
|
Diabetes mellitus |
|
|
||
|
|
|
Darshan |
|
Debilitating general disease |
|
|
||
|
|
|
Not |
|
Nutritional |
|
|
||
|
|
|
Colourful |
|
Chromosomal anomalies |
|
|
||
|
|
|
|
|
|
Turner’s syndrome |
|
||
|
|
|
|
|
|
Klinefelter’s syndrome |
|
||
|
|
|
|
|
|
Super-female |
|
||
Indications
of Progestogen Therapy
|
In |
Inhibition of evulsion, ovulation pain
and ovulation bleeding |
|
Charge |
Contraception |
|
S |
Spasmodic dysmenorrhoea |
|
P |
Premenstrual tension |
|
M |
Metropathia haemorrhagica |
|
Department |
Dysfunctional uterine bleeding |
|
Puts |
Puberty menorrhagia |
|
Purse |
Pregnancy test |
|
And |
Amenorrhoea |
|
Pen |
Pituitary rebound |
|
Mostly |
Menstrual irregularities |
|
In |
Infertility |
|
An |
Abortion |
|
Emergency |
Endometriosis |
|
Unit |
Uterine carcinoma |
Causes
of Menorrhagia
|
General |
|
|
|
Blood dyscrasia |
||
|
Severe anaemia |
||
|
Local |
|
|
|
Film |
Fibroid uterus |
|
|
Stars |
Salpingo-oophoritis |
|
|
Retain |
Retroverted uterus |
|
|
Charm |
Chocolate cyst of ovary |
|
|
Endlessly |
Endometriosis |
|
|
Endocrine disorders |
|
|
|
He |
Hyperthyroidism (early stages) |
|
|
Met |
Myxoedema |
|
|
A |
Acromegaly (early stages) |
|
|
Doctor |
Diabetes mellitusw |
Operative
Complications of Prolapse Uterus
|
Early |
||
|
Renal |
Retention of urine |
|
|
Colic? |
Cystitis and pyelonephritis |
|
|
Have |
Haemorrhage |
|
|
I |
Infection |
|
|
V |
Visceral injuries |
|
|
P |
Phlebothrombosis and pulmonary embolism |
|
|
Late |
||
|
Ration |
Recurrence of prolapsed |
|
|
Delivery |
Dyspareunia |
|
|
Assistant |
Abortion, premature labour, and dystocia |
|
Degenerative
Changes in Fibroid
|
A |
Atrophic changes |
|
High |
Hyaline degeneration |
|
Class |
Cystic degeration |
|
F |
Fatty degeration |
|
R |
Red degeneration |
|
C |
Calcareous degeneration |
|
S |
Sarcomatous degeneration |
Effects
of Fibroid
|
On pregnancy |
|
|
|
Send |
Sterility |
|
|
A |
Abortion or miscarriage |
|
|
Male |
Malpresentation |
|
|
Person |
Placenta praevia |
|
|
Preferably |
Premature labour |
|
|
On labour |
|
|
|
Unions |
Uterine inertia |
|
|
Often |
Obstructed labour |
|
|
Demand |
Delayed labour |
|
|
Repeat |
Retained placenta |
|
|
Poll |
Postpartum haemorrhage |
|
|
On puerperium |
|
|
|
Please |
Puerperal sepsis |
|
|
Supply |
Subinvolution |
|
|
Pant |
Puerperal retroversion |
|
|
Piece |
Postpartum haemorrhage (secondary) |
|
|
Immediately |
Inversion of uterus |
Ovarian
Tumours
|
Arising from surface epithelium of
ovaries |
|
||||||
|
Benign |
|||||||
|
Sensible |
|
Simple serous cystedenoma |
|
||||
|
People |
|
Paillary serous cystedenoma |
|
||||
|
Play |
|
Pseudomucinous cystedenoma |
|
||||
|
Badminton |
|
Brenner tumour |
|
||||
|
Malignant |
|||||||
|
Some |
|
Serous cystadenocarcinoma |
|
||||
|
People |
|
Pseudomucinous cystadenocarcinoma |
|
||||
|
See |
|
Solid carcinoma |
|
||||
|
Match |
|
Mesonephroma |
|
||||
|
Metastatic tumours |
|||||||
|
|
Typical from :- |
||||||
|
Selected |
|
|
Stomach |
||||
|
In |
|
|
Intestine |
||||
|
Bombay |
|
|
Breast |
||||
|
University |
|
|
Uterus |
||||
|
Atypical |
|||||||
|
|
Krukenberg tumour |
|
|||||
|
Arising from connective tissue of ovary |
|
||||||
|
Fibromata (benign) |
|
|
|||||
|
Sarcomata (malignant) |
|
|
|||||
|
Arising from ovum |
|
||||||
|
Disco |
Dermoid cyst |
|
|
||||
|
Star |
Solid teratoma |
|
|
||||
|
Coming |
Chorion epithelioma |
|
|
||||
|
Soon |
Struma ovarr |
|
|
||||
|
Arising from primitive mesenchyme |
|
||||||
|
Feminising |
|
|
|||||
|
Great |
|||||||